In Oxy-fuel cutting fuel gases and oxygen are used to cut and weld metals. This type of cutting is also called gas welding or oxy welding. In this method of welding, the welder will use a welding torch that welds the metals.
Welding is created when two pieces of metal are put under extreme heat that presents a pool of molten metal that is shared between the two. This pool has other metal in it that is called "filler" metal and type of filler will depend on whatever material that is going to be welded.
Mapp Torch
When the welder is going to weld in Oxy-fuel welding, they use a welding torch. However, in Oxy-Fuel cutting, they use a cutting torch. This torch is used to heat the metal to a hotter temperature called a kindling temperature. This creates a stream of oxygen that is then placed on the metal and as the metal combines with the steam of oxygen it flows from the cut that was made and becomes an oxide slag. The cut is also called a kerf.
It is important to note in this discussion that some torches don't mix oxygen with fuel so they are not oxy-fuel torches. They will use atmospheric air instead. These use only a single tank torch and metals can't be melted with a single tank torch.
Oxy-fuel cutting has four requirements that are basic to doing it. These include:
· The temperature ignition of the material that is going to be cut has to be lower than the material's melting point. If not, it will melt before the welder is able to cut it and it will flow into the melting pool.
· The melting point of the oxide has to be lower than the material that surrounds it so that the oxygen jet can mechanically blow the oxide away.
· The reaction of the oxidation between the metal and the oxygen jet has to be strong enough to maintain the temperature ignition.
· There should be a small amount of gaseous reaction products so that these gases don't dilute the oxygen for cutting.
The oxygen stream's purity will determine the cutting speed and the edge of the cut's quality. This means that the way the nozzle is designed will play a role in the protection of the oxygen stream which is prone to air entrainment.
Also, the oxygen should be pure to 99.5% or higher. When the purity of the oxygen is lower, it will also lower the speed of cutting. As an example, a decrease of only 1% will cause the cutting speed to be lower by 25% and it also increases the consumption of gas by 25%.
Fuel gases that are most used in Oxy-fuel cutting are MAPP (methylacetylene-propadiene), natural gas, propylene, acetylene and propane. The way the gas that is chosen performs in cutting speed, pierce time and edge quality will depend on the way heat is distributed within the two flame cones (inner and outer) and the flame temperature. In this case, acetylene will be the hottest flame for this cutting process.
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